Artificial Intelligence

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Robocalls may have always had some artificial flavor to them; however, the proliferation of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to blur the line between human and machine interaction. On July 17, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a draft Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to address the ability of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) to restrict and regulate robocalls made using AI. The NPRM will be finalized and adopted at the agency’s August 7 meeting and may be modified prior to that based on feedback from interested parties.

The draft NPRM comes after the FCC invited and received comments on the subject in November of 2023. Specifically, the agency sought comments on “how AI technologies can be defined in the context of robocalls and robotexts” and what steps should be taken to ensure that the FCC can advance its statutory obligation under the TCPA. Subsequently, as we’ve reported, the FCC took action aimed at unlawful AI robocalls in a recent AI robocall enforcement in response to increased election year calling activities.Continue Reading Hello, This Is AI Calling. FCC Proposes New Rules for AI Robocalls

With the election cycle heating up as we approach the dog days of summer, so too is the Federal Communications Commission’s scrutiny of the use of AI technology in fraudulent robocalls. As we previously discussed, the FCC has already doled out fines for the use of deepfakes in political robocalls.

Now, FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel has ratcheted up the scrutiny of nine telecom companies, asking them to explain the measures they are taking to prevent deepfake robocalls. Specifically, the FCC asks the carriers to describe the steps taken to authenticate calls in line with the STIR/SHAKEN requirements. The agency’s inquiry also includes what resources carriers have dedicated to identifying generative AI voices, and what steps they have taken to verify customers’ identities.Continue Reading AI Robocalls: Election Season Triggers Additional FCC Scrutiny

In a pair of Notices of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture this week, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed a collective $8 million in fines against telecommunications company Lingo Telecom and political consultant Steven Kramer.

Robocalls, Generative AI, and Deepfakes

The FCC alleges Kramer violated the Truth in Caller ID Act. According to the FCC, two days before the New Hampshire 2024 presidential primary election, Kramer orchestrated a campaign of illegally spoofed and malicious robocalls that carried a deepfake audio recording of President Biden’s cloned voice telling prospective voters not to vote in the upcoming primary.

To transmit the calls, he worked with voice service provider Lingo Telecom, which incorrectly labeled the calls with the highest level of caller ID attestation, making it less likely that other telecommunications providers would detect the calls as potentially spoofed. For this reason, the FCC is also pursuing forfeiture against Lingo, alleging a violation of the STIR/SHAKEN rules for failing to use reasonable “Know Your Customer” protocols to verify caller ID information in connection with Kramer’s alleged illegal robocalls.Continue Reading FCC Proposes $8 Million in Fines Against Telecom Company and Political Consultant for Using Deepfake Generative Artificial Intelligence

In late March, Tennessee Governor Bill Lee signed into law the Ensuring Likeness Voice and Image Security Act of 2024—known as the “ELVIS Act”—making Tennessee the first state to address head-on potential misuses of artificial intelligence (AI) related to an individual’s voice. The law prohibits individuals from using AI to generate and distribute replicas of another’s voice or image without their prior consent.

Many prominent members of the music and entertainment community have identified Tennessee’s law as an important step forward for the protection of artists’ (and others’) voice and likeness. Specifically, right of publicity laws across the nation typically provide that individuals have a property right in the use of their name, photograph, and likeness. However, these laws generally do not address the use of one’s voice or generative AI exploiting another’s image, likeness, or voice to generate unauthorized impersonations or replicas. In the age of AI cloning and deep fakes, these unauthorized works have caused great concern among those in the entertainment and media industries. The ELVIS Act is “first-of-its-kind” legislation to directly address these concerns by expanding Tennessee’s existing protections against the unauthorized commercial use of one’s rights of publicity.Continue Reading Tennessee Out Front: Enacting Protections Against AI Misuse in the Music Industry

Venable’s Advertising and Marketing Group hosted its 10th Advertising Law Symposium on March 21 in Washington, DC. The group welcomed in-house counsel, advertising executives, and marketing professionals for a full day of sessions on the latest developments in advertising law and what to watch for soon.

Here are some highlights:

Patchwork of Privacy Laws Makes Compliance a Challenge

Frequent data breaches and incidents like the 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal have increased criticism of the United States’ approach to regulating privacy through a patchwork of federal and state laws and industry self-regulatory codes. But even harsh critiques have not been enough to spur Congress to pass a preemptive privacy law that would supersede the jumble of state laws and regulations and streamline things. Partner Rob Hartwell and associate Allie Monticollo said marketers and advertisers should watch what’s happening in the states and mitigate risk accordingly.Continue Reading Event in Review: 10th Advertising Law Symposium

On February 15, 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a two-step approach to tackling impersonation fraud. First, the FTC finalized a rule regulating the impersonation of businesses and government entities (the Impersonation Rule). Later that day, the FTC proposed a revision to the Impersonation Rule to extend liability to those impersonating individuals.

The Impersonation Rule deems it unfair or deceptive to falsely pose as or misrepresent affiliation with a government or business entity. This could include using government seals, business logos, or spoofed email addresses. Even more broadly, the rule prohibits using government or business lookalike insignias or marks without prior authorization. The rule will become effective 30 days after it has been finalized.Continue Reading Impersonation Rulemaking: FTC Takes Steps to Tackle AI

Moving at rapid speed, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has just announced its unanimous adoption of a new Declaratory Ruling finding that voice calls using artificial intelligence (AI)-generated voices fall under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA).

The ruling takes effect immediately and gives state attorneys general powerful new tools to go after voice cloning scams. Under FCC rules, telemarketers that use robocalls subject to the TCPA are required to obtain prior express written consent from the consumer unless an exemption applies. The TCPA has always prohibited the use of both prerecorded and artificial voices but advances in AI-generated voices have prompted the FCC to specifically address their use.

In recent years, scammers and other parties have begun using AI to create fake and even “cloned” artificial voices, including those of celebrities, politicians, and even a call recipient’s family member. In this election season, there has been increasing concern about the use of voice clones to engage in voter suppression schemes.Continue Reading FCC Clarifies TCPA Rules to Affirmatively Restrict Use of AI-Generated Calls

On Thursday, October 12, a bipartisan group of senators—Chris Coons (D-Del.), Thom Tillis (R-N.C.), Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), and Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.)—released a Discussion Draft of the Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe (dubbed the “NO FAKES”) Act that would protect the voice, image, or visual likeness of all individuals from unauthorized AI-generated digital replicas, also referred to as “deepfakes.” This draft bill, while focusing on protections required by the advancement of AI, would establish the first federal right of publicity—the right to protect and control the use of one’s voice, image, and visual likeness. The NO FAKES Act could have widespread impacts on the entertainment and media industries, among others. 

Generative AI has opened new worlds of creative opportunities, but with these creative innovations also comes the ability to exploit another’s voice, image, or visual likeness by creating nearly indistinguishable digital replicas. This has caused great concern among musicians, celebrities, actors, and politicians regarding viral AI-created deepfakes circulating on social media and the Internet more broadly. To date, advancements in AI technology used to create digital replicas have outpaced the current legal framework governing unauthorized use. Although there are existing laws that may be used to combat digital replicas, these laws either vary from state to state, creating a patchwork of differing protections based on where one is located, or do not directly address the harms caused by producing and distributing unauthorized digital replicas.Continue Reading AI Deepfake Bill: Senators Contemplate the First Federal Right of Publicity